Repsol YPF
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Iron, Steel and Metallurgy Processes
The variety of pieces that are currently used has made it necessary to develop a set of industrial processes in order to improve product quality and lower expenses. In each case, with a given piece made of a given material, it is necessary to use the right process to get the best quality/price ratio. Forming processes are classified by what type of energy is used. Thus, they are often classified as thermal form processes and mechanical form processes.
In any process, both types of energy are used, but one of the two is preferential. However, this does not mean that it will be used more. The processes can be hot or cold form processes. The words hot and cold refer to the temperature of the material being worked on. A hot process takes place above the material re-crystallisation temperature. Processes below this temperature are cold processes. Above the alloy re-crystallisation temperature, alloys can become plastically strained- without getting hard. This hot-strain process is used for processes such as forging, hammering, pressing, extrusion, lamination, impact forging, forming by stamping, etc. When the material is worked with in cold, the cold-straining makes it harden. This is seen in processes such as: forging, laminating, stamping, extrusion, cold-drawing, etc.
